# Collect taxes for recurring payments

Learn how to collect and report taxes for recurring payments.

Stripe Tax allows you to calculate the tax amount on your recurring payments when using Stripe Billing. Use your customer’s location details to preview the tax amount before creating a subscription and then create it with Stripe Tax enabled when your customer is ready to pay. Stripe Tax integrates with Stripe Billing and automatically handles tax calculation with your [pricing model](https://docs.stripe.com/products-prices/pricing-models.md), [prorations](https://docs.stripe.com/billing/subscriptions/prorations.md), [discounts](https://docs.stripe.com/billing/subscriptions/coupons.md), [trials](https://docs.stripe.com/billing/subscriptions/trials.md), and so on.
A diagram providing a high level overview of a Stripe Tax and Billing integration. (See full diagram at https://docs.stripe.com/tax/subscriptions)
This guide assumes you’re setting up Stripe Tax and Billing for the first time. See how to [update existing subscriptions](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/subscriptions/update.md).

If you’re using Stripe Checkout to create new subscriptions, see how to [automatically collect tax on Checkout sessions](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/checkout.md), or watch the short video below: 
[Watch on YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QBRs4IfDNo)
## Estimate taxes and total [Server-side]

#### Before address collection

When a customer first enters your checkout flow, you might not have their address information yet. In this case, [create a preview invoice](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/create_preview.md) and set [customer_details.tax.ip_address](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/create_preview.md#create_create_preview-customer_details-tax-ip_address) to let Stripe locate them using their IP address.

> In most cases, Stripe can resolve an IP address to a physical area, but its precision varies and might not reflect your customer’s actual location. We don’t recommend relying on a customer’s IP address to determine their address beyond an initial estimate.

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/invoices/create_preview \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d "automatic_tax[enabled]"=true \
  -d "customer_details[tax][ip_address]"={{IP_ADDRESS}} \
  -d "subscription_details[items][0][price]"="{{PRICE_ID}}"
```

```cli
stripe invoices create_preview  \
  -d "automatic_tax[enabled]"=true \
  -d "customer_details[tax][ip_address]"={{IP_ADDRESS}} \
  -d "subscription_details[items][0][price]"="{{PRICE_ID}}"
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.api_key = '<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>'

invoice = Stripe::Invoice.create_preview({
  automatic_tax: {enabled: true},
  customer_details: {tax: {ip_address: '{{IP_ADDRESS}}'}},
  subscription_details: {items: [{price: '{{PRICE_ID}}'}]},
})
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = Stripe::StripeClient.new("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

invoice = client.v1.invoices.create_preview({
  automatic_tax: {enabled: true},
  customer_details: {tax: {ip_address: '{{IP_ADDRESS}}'}},
  subscription_details: {items: [{price: '{{PRICE_ID}}'}]},
})
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
import stripe
stripe.api_key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

invoice = stripe.Invoice.create_preview(
  automatic_tax={"enabled": True},
  customer_details={"tax": {"ip_address": "{{IP_ADDRESS}}"}},
  subscription_details={"items": [{"price": "{{PRICE_ID}}"}]},
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

# For SDK versions 12.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1' from the following line.
invoice = client.v1.invoices.create_preview({
  "automatic_tax": {"enabled": True},
  "customer_details": {"tax": {"ip_address": "{{IP_ADDRESS}}"}},
  "subscription_details": {"items": [{"price": "{{PRICE_ID}}"}]},
})
```

```php
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
$stripe = new \Stripe\StripeClient('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

$invoice = $stripe->invoices->createPreview([
  'automatic_tax' => ['enabled' => true],
  'customer_details' => ['tax' => ['ip_address' => '{{IP_ADDRESS}}']],
  'subscription_details' => ['items' => [['price' => '{{PRICE_ID}}']]],
]);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.apiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

InvoiceCreatePreviewParams params =
  InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.builder()
    .setAutomaticTax(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.AutomaticTax.builder().setEnabled(true).build()
    )
    .setCustomerDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.builder()
        .setTax(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.Tax.builder()
            .setIpAddress("{{IP_ADDRESS}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .setSubscriptionDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.builder()
        .addItem(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.Item.builder()
            .setPrice("{{PRICE_ID}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .build();

Invoice invoice = Invoice.createPreview(params);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeClient client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");

InvoiceCreatePreviewParams params =
  InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.builder()
    .setAutomaticTax(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.AutomaticTax.builder().setEnabled(true).build()
    )
    .setCustomerDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.builder()
        .setTax(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.Tax.builder()
            .setIpAddress("{{IP_ADDRESS}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .setSubscriptionDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.builder()
        .addItem(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.Item.builder()
            .setPrice("{{PRICE_ID}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .build();

// For SDK versions 29.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1()' from the following line.
Invoice invoice = client.v1().invoices().createPreview(params);
```

```node
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
const stripe = require('stripe')('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

const invoice = await stripe.invoices.createPreview({
  automatic_tax: {
    enabled: true,
  },
  customer_details: {
    tax: {
      ip_address: '{{IP_ADDRESS}}',
    },
  },
  subscription_details: {
    items: [
      {
        price: '{{PRICE_ID}}',
      },
    ],
  },
});
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
stripe.Key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

params := &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewParams{
  AutomaticTax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewAutomaticTaxParams{
    Enabled: stripe.Bool(true),
  },
  CustomerDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsParams{
    Tax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsTaxParams{
      IPAddress: stripe.String("{{IP_ADDRESS}}"),
    },
  },
  SubscriptionDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsParams{
    Items: []*stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
      &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
        Price: stripe.String("{{PRICE_ID}}"),
      },
    },
  },
}
result, err := invoice.CreatePreview(params)
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
sc := stripe.NewClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")
params := &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewParams{
  AutomaticTax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewAutomaticTaxParams{
    Enabled: stripe.Bool(true),
  },
  CustomerDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsParams{
    Tax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsTaxParams{
      IPAddress: stripe.String("{{IP_ADDRESS}}"),
    },
  },
  SubscriptionDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsParams{
    Items: []*stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
      &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
        Price: stripe.String("{{PRICE_ID}}"),
      },
    },
  },
}
result, err := sc.V1Invoices.CreatePreview(context.TODO(), params)
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

var options = new InvoiceCreatePreviewOptions
{
    AutomaticTax = new InvoiceAutomaticTaxOptions { Enabled = true },
    CustomerDetails = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsOptions
    {
        Tax = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsTaxOptions { IpAddress = "{{IP_ADDRESS}}" },
    },
    SubscriptionDetails = new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsOptions
    {
        Items = new List<InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions>
        {
            new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions { Price = "{{PRICE_ID}}" },
        },
    },
};
var service = new InvoiceService();
Invoice invoice = service.CreatePreview(options);
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
var options = new InvoiceCreatePreviewOptions
{
    AutomaticTax = new InvoiceAutomaticTaxOptions { Enabled = true },
    CustomerDetails = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsOptions
    {
        Tax = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsTaxOptions { IpAddress = "{{IP_ADDRESS}}" },
    },
    SubscriptionDetails = new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsOptions
    {
        Items = new List<InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions>
        {
            new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions { Price = "{{PRICE_ID}}" },
        },
    },
};
var client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");
var service = client.V1.Invoices;
Invoice invoice = service.CreatePreview(options);
```

#### After address collection

When your customer fills in their address details, set [customer_details.address](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/create_preview.md#create_create_preview-customer_details-address) also. Use [customer_details.shipping](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/create_preview.md#create_create_preview-customer_details-shipping) if you’re collecting shipping addresses.

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/invoices/create_preview \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d "automatic_tax[enabled]"=true \
  -d "customer_details[address][line1]"={{LINE1}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][line2]"={{LINE2}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][city]"={{CITY}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][state]"={{STATE}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][postal_code]"={{POSTAL_CODE}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][country]"={{COUNTRY}} \
  -d "customer_details[tax][ip_address]"={{IP_ADDRESS}} \
  -d "subscription_details[items][0][price]"="{{PRICE_ID}}"
```

```cli
stripe invoices create_preview  \
  -d "automatic_tax[enabled]"=true \
  -d "customer_details[address][line1]"={{LINE1}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][line2]"={{LINE2}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][city]"={{CITY}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][state]"={{STATE}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][postal_code]"={{POSTAL_CODE}} \
  -d "customer_details[address][country]"={{COUNTRY}} \
  -d "customer_details[tax][ip_address]"={{IP_ADDRESS}} \
  -d "subscription_details[items][0][price]"="{{PRICE_ID}}"
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.api_key = '<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>'

invoice = Stripe::Invoice.create_preview({
  automatic_tax: {enabled: true},
  customer_details: {
    address: {
      line1: '{{LINE1}}',
      line2: '{{LINE2}}',
      city: '{{CITY}}',
      state: '{{STATE}}',
      postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
    },
    tax: {ip_address: '{{IP_ADDRESS}}'},
  },
  subscription_details: {items: [{price: '{{PRICE_ID}}'}]},
})
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = Stripe::StripeClient.new("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

invoice = client.v1.invoices.create_preview({
  automatic_tax: {enabled: true},
  customer_details: {
    address: {
      line1: '{{LINE1}}',
      line2: '{{LINE2}}',
      city: '{{CITY}}',
      state: '{{STATE}}',
      postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
    },
    tax: {ip_address: '{{IP_ADDRESS}}'},
  },
  subscription_details: {items: [{price: '{{PRICE_ID}}'}]},
})
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
import stripe
stripe.api_key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

invoice = stripe.Invoice.create_preview(
  automatic_tax={"enabled": True},
  customer_details={
    "address": {
      "line1": "{{LINE1}}",
      "line2": "{{LINE2}}",
      "city": "{{CITY}}",
      "state": "{{STATE}}",
      "postal_code": "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
      "country": "{{COUNTRY}}",
    },
    "tax": {"ip_address": "{{IP_ADDRESS}}"},
  },
  subscription_details={"items": [{"price": "{{PRICE_ID}}"}]},
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

# For SDK versions 12.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1' from the following line.
invoice = client.v1.invoices.create_preview({
  "automatic_tax": {"enabled": True},
  "customer_details": {
    "address": {
      "line1": "{{LINE1}}",
      "line2": "{{LINE2}}",
      "city": "{{CITY}}",
      "state": "{{STATE}}",
      "postal_code": "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
      "country": "{{COUNTRY}}",
    },
    "tax": {"ip_address": "{{IP_ADDRESS}}"},
  },
  "subscription_details": {"items": [{"price": "{{PRICE_ID}}"}]},
})
```

```php
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
$stripe = new \Stripe\StripeClient('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

$invoice = $stripe->invoices->createPreview([
  'automatic_tax' => ['enabled' => true],
  'customer_details' => [
    'address' => [
      'line1' => '{{LINE1}}',
      'line2' => '{{LINE2}}',
      'city' => '{{CITY}}',
      'state' => '{{STATE}}',
      'postal_code' => '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      'country' => '{{COUNTRY}}',
    ],
    'tax' => ['ip_address' => '{{IP_ADDRESS}}'],
  ],
  'subscription_details' => ['items' => [['price' => '{{PRICE_ID}}']]],
]);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.apiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

InvoiceCreatePreviewParams params =
  InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.builder()
    .setAutomaticTax(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.AutomaticTax.builder().setEnabled(true).build()
    )
    .setCustomerDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.builder()
        .setAddress(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.Address.builder()
            .setLine1("{{LINE1}}")
            .setLine2("{{LINE2}}")
            .setCity("{{CITY}}")
            .setState("{{STATE}}")
            .setPostalCode("{{POSTAL_CODE}}")
            .setCountry("{{COUNTRY}}")
            .build()
        )
        .setTax(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.Tax.builder()
            .setIpAddress("{{IP_ADDRESS}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .setSubscriptionDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.builder()
        .addItem(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.Item.builder()
            .setPrice("{{PRICE_ID}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .build();

Invoice invoice = Invoice.createPreview(params);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeClient client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");

InvoiceCreatePreviewParams params =
  InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.builder()
    .setAutomaticTax(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.AutomaticTax.builder().setEnabled(true).build()
    )
    .setCustomerDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.builder()
        .setAddress(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.Address.builder()
            .setLine1("{{LINE1}}")
            .setLine2("{{LINE2}}")
            .setCity("{{CITY}}")
            .setState("{{STATE}}")
            .setPostalCode("{{POSTAL_CODE}}")
            .setCountry("{{COUNTRY}}")
            .build()
        )
        .setTax(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.CustomerDetails.Tax.builder()
            .setIpAddress("{{IP_ADDRESS}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .setSubscriptionDetails(
      InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.builder()
        .addItem(
          InvoiceCreatePreviewParams.SubscriptionDetails.Item.builder()
            .setPrice("{{PRICE_ID}}")
            .build()
        )
        .build()
    )
    .build();

// For SDK versions 29.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1()' from the following line.
Invoice invoice = client.v1().invoices().createPreview(params);
```

```node
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
const stripe = require('stripe')('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

const invoice = await stripe.invoices.createPreview({
  automatic_tax: {
    enabled: true,
  },
  customer_details: {
    address: {
      line1: '{{LINE1}}',
      line2: '{{LINE2}}',
      city: '{{CITY}}',
      state: '{{STATE}}',
      postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
    },
    tax: {
      ip_address: '{{IP_ADDRESS}}',
    },
  },
  subscription_details: {
    items: [
      {
        price: '{{PRICE_ID}}',
      },
    ],
  },
});
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
stripe.Key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

params := &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewParams{
  AutomaticTax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewAutomaticTaxParams{
    Enabled: stripe.Bool(true),
  },
  CustomerDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsParams{
    Address: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsAddressParams{
      Line1: stripe.String("{{LINE1}}"),
      Line2: stripe.String("{{LINE2}}"),
      City: stripe.String("{{CITY}}"),
      State: stripe.String("{{STATE}}"),
      PostalCode: stripe.String("{{POSTAL_CODE}}"),
      Country: stripe.String("{{COUNTRY}}"),
    },
    Tax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsTaxParams{
      IPAddress: stripe.String("{{IP_ADDRESS}}"),
    },
  },
  SubscriptionDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsParams{
    Items: []*stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
      &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
        Price: stripe.String("{{PRICE_ID}}"),
      },
    },
  },
}
result, err := invoice.CreatePreview(params)
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
sc := stripe.NewClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")
params := &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewParams{
  AutomaticTax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewAutomaticTaxParams{
    Enabled: stripe.Bool(true),
  },
  CustomerDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsParams{
    Address: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsAddressParams{
      Line1: stripe.String("{{LINE1}}"),
      Line2: stripe.String("{{LINE2}}"),
      City: stripe.String("{{CITY}}"),
      State: stripe.String("{{STATE}}"),
      PostalCode: stripe.String("{{POSTAL_CODE}}"),
      Country: stripe.String("{{COUNTRY}}"),
    },
    Tax: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewCustomerDetailsTaxParams{
      IPAddress: stripe.String("{{IP_ADDRESS}}"),
    },
  },
  SubscriptionDetails: &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsParams{
    Items: []*stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
      &stripe.InvoiceCreatePreviewSubscriptionDetailsItemParams{
        Price: stripe.String("{{PRICE_ID}}"),
      },
    },
  },
}
result, err := sc.V1Invoices.CreatePreview(context.TODO(), params)
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

var options = new InvoiceCreatePreviewOptions
{
    AutomaticTax = new InvoiceAutomaticTaxOptions { Enabled = true },
    CustomerDetails = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsOptions
    {
        Address = new AddressOptions
        {
            Line1 = "{{LINE1}}",
            Line2 = "{{LINE2}}",
            City = "{{CITY}}",
            State = "{{STATE}}",
            PostalCode = "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
            Country = "{{COUNTRY}}",
        },
        Tax = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsTaxOptions { IpAddress = "{{IP_ADDRESS}}" },
    },
    SubscriptionDetails = new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsOptions
    {
        Items = new List<InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions>
        {
            new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions { Price = "{{PRICE_ID}}" },
        },
    },
};
var service = new InvoiceService();
Invoice invoice = service.CreatePreview(options);
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
var options = new InvoiceCreatePreviewOptions
{
    AutomaticTax = new InvoiceAutomaticTaxOptions { Enabled = true },
    CustomerDetails = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsOptions
    {
        Address = new AddressOptions
        {
            Line1 = "{{LINE1}}",
            Line2 = "{{LINE2}}",
            City = "{{CITY}}",
            State = "{{STATE}}",
            PostalCode = "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
            Country = "{{COUNTRY}}",
        },
        Tax = new InvoiceCustomerDetailsTaxOptions { IpAddress = "{{IP_ADDRESS}}" },
    },
    SubscriptionDetails = new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsOptions
    {
        Items = new List<InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions>
        {
            new InvoiceSubscriptionDetailsItemOptions { Price = "{{PRICE_ID}}" },
        },
    },
};
var client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");
var service = client.V1.Invoices;
Invoice invoice = service.CreatePreview(options);
```

Check the [automatic_tax.status](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-automatic_tax-status) of the invoice. If the status is `requires_location_inputs`, it means that the address details are invalid or insufficient. In this case, prompt your customer to re-enter their address details or provide accurate address details.

The invoice [total](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-total) is how much your customer pays and [tax](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-tax) is the sum of all tax amounts on the invoice. If you want a breakdown of taxes, see [total_tax_amounts](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-total_tax_amounts). All amounts are in cents.

> #### Zero tax
> 
> If the `tax` is zero, make sure that you have a tax registration in your customer’s location. See how to [register for sales tax, VAT, and GST](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/registering.md) and learn more about [zero tax amounts and reverse charges](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/zero-tax.md).

## Collect customer information [Client-side]

After you have an estimate of the taxes and the total, start collecting customer information including their shipping address (if applicable), billing address, and their payment details. Notice that when you use Stripe Tax, you collect payment details without an Intent. The first step is to [create an Elements object without an Intent](https://docs.stripe.com/js/elements_object/create_without_intent):

```javascript
const stripe = Stripe("<<YOUR_PUBLISHABLE_KEY>>");

const elements = stripe.elements({
  mode: 'subscription',
  currency: '{{CURRENCY}}',
  amount: {{TOTAL}}, // This is the invoice total.
});
```

Next, [create an Address Element](https://docs.stripe.com/js/elements_object/create_address_element) and [a Payment Element](https://docs.stripe.com/js/elements_object/create_payment_element) and [mount](https://docs.stripe.com/js/element/mount) both:

```javascript
const addressElement = elements.create('address', {
  mode: 'billing' // or 'shipping', if you are shipping goods
});
addressElement.mount('#address-element');

const paymentElementOptions = { layout: 'accordion'};
const paymentElement = elements.create('payment', paymentElementOptions);
paymentElement.mount('#payment-element');
```

Then you can listen to [change events](https://docs.stripe.com/js/element/events/on_change?type=paymentElement#element_on_change-event) on the Address Element. When the address changes, [re-estimate](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/subscriptions.md?estimate=after#estimate-taxes-total) the taxes and the total.

```javascript
addressElement.on('change', function(event) {
  // Throttle your requests to avoid overloading your server or hitting
  // Stripe's rate limits.
  const { tax, total } = await updateEstimate(event.value.address);

  elements.update({ amount: total });
  // Update your page to display the new tax and total to the user...
});
```

> When your customer is entering their address, Address Element fires a `change` event for each keystroke. To avoid overloading your server and hitting Stripe’s [rate limits](https://docs.stripe.com/rate-limits.md), wait for some time after the last `change` event before re-estimating the taxes and the total.

## Handle submission [Client-side]

When your customer submits the form, call [elements.submit()](https://docs.stripe.com/js/elements/submit) to validate the form fields and collect any data required for wallets. You must wait for this function’s promise to resolve before performing any other operations.

```javascript
document.querySelector("#form").addEventListener("submit", function(event) {
  // We don't want to let default form submission happen here,
  // which would refresh the page.
  event.preventDefault();

  const { error: submitError } = await elements.submit();
  if (submitError) {
    // Handle error...
    return;
  }

  const { value: customerDetails } = await addressElement.getValue();

  // See the "Save customer details" section below to implement this
  // server-side.
  await saveCustomerDetails(customerDetails); // Makes a request to your server to save the customer details.

  // See the "Create subscription" section below to implement this server-side.
  const { clientSecret } = await createSubscription(); // latest_invoice.confirmation_secret.client_secret of the new subscription. // Makes a request to your server to create a subscription.

  const { error: confirmError } = await stripe.confirmPayment({
    elements,
    clientSecret,
    confirmParams: {
      return_url: {{RETURN_URL}}, // The URL Stripe redirects your customer to after they complete the payment.
    },
  });
  if (confirmError) {
    // Handle error...
    return;
  }

  // Upon a successful confirmation, your user will be redirected to the
  // return_url you provide before the Promise ever resolves.
});
```

## Save customer details [Server-side]

[Update](https://docs.stripe.com/api/customers/update.md) your `Customer` object using the details you’ve collected from your customer, so that Stripe Tax can determine their precise location for accurate results.

> If your customer is in the United States, provide a full address if possible. We use the term “rooftop-accurate” to mean that we can attribute your customer’s location to a specific house or building. This provides greater accuracy, where two houses located side-by-side on the same street might be subject to different tax rates, because of complex jurisdiction boundaries.

If you haven’t already created a `Customer` object (for example, when your customer first signs up on your website), you can [create](https://docs.stripe.com/api/customers/create.md) one now.

#### Update customer

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/customers/{{CUSTOMER_ID}} \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d "address[line1]"={{LINE1}} \
  -d "address[line2]"={{LINE2}} \
  -d "address[city]"={{CITY}} \
  -d "address[state]"={{STATE}} \
  -d "address[postal_code]"={{POSTAL_CODE}} \
  -d "address[country]"={{COUNTRY}} \
  -d "tax[validate_location]"=immediately
```

```cli
stripe customers update {{CUSTOMER_ID}} \
  -d "address[line1]"={{LINE1}} \
  -d "address[line2]"={{LINE2}} \
  -d "address[city]"={{CITY}} \
  -d "address[state]"={{STATE}} \
  -d "address[postal_code]"={{POSTAL_CODE}} \
  -d "address[country]"={{COUNTRY}} \
  -d "tax[validate_location]"=immediately
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.api_key = '<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>'

customer = Stripe::Customer.update(
  '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  {
    address: {
      line1: '{{LINE1}}',
      line2: '{{LINE2}}',
      city: '{{CITY}}',
      state: '{{STATE}}',
      postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
    },
    tax: {validate_location: 'immediately'},
  },
)
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = Stripe::StripeClient.new("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

customer = client.v1.customers.update(
  '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  {
    address: {
      line1: '{{LINE1}}',
      line2: '{{LINE2}}',
      city: '{{CITY}}',
      state: '{{STATE}}',
      postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
    },
    tax: {validate_location: 'immediately'},
  },
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
import stripe
stripe.api_key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

customer = stripe.Customer.modify(
  "{{CUSTOMER_ID}}",
  address={
    "line1": "{{LINE1}}",
    "line2": "{{LINE2}}",
    "city": "{{CITY}}",
    "state": "{{STATE}}",
    "postal_code": "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
    "country": "{{COUNTRY}}",
  },
  tax={"validate_location": "immediately"},
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

# For SDK versions 12.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1' from the following line.
customer = client.v1.customers.update(
  "{{CUSTOMER_ID}}",
  {
    "address": {
      "line1": "{{LINE1}}",
      "line2": "{{LINE2}}",
      "city": "{{CITY}}",
      "state": "{{STATE}}",
      "postal_code": "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
      "country": "{{COUNTRY}}",
    },
    "tax": {"validate_location": "immediately"},
  },
)
```

```php
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
$stripe = new \Stripe\StripeClient('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

$customer = $stripe->customers->update(
  '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  [
    'address' => [
      'line1' => '{{LINE1}}',
      'line2' => '{{LINE2}}',
      'city' => '{{CITY}}',
      'state' => '{{STATE}}',
      'postal_code' => '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      'country' => '{{COUNTRY}}',
    ],
    'tax' => ['validate_location' => 'immediately'],
  ]
);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.apiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

Customer resource = Customer.retrieve("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}");

CustomerUpdateParams params =
  CustomerUpdateParams.builder()
    .setAddress(
      CustomerUpdateParams.Address.builder()
        .setLine1("{{LINE1}}")
        .setLine2("{{LINE2}}")
        .setCity("{{CITY}}")
        .setState("{{STATE}}")
        .setPostalCode("{{POSTAL_CODE}}")
        .setCountry("{{COUNTRY}}")
        .build()
    )
    .setTax(
      CustomerUpdateParams.Tax.builder()
        .setValidateLocation(CustomerUpdateParams.Tax.ValidateLocation.IMMEDIATELY)
        .build()
    )
    .build();

Customer customer = resource.update(params);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeClient client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");

CustomerUpdateParams params =
  CustomerUpdateParams.builder()
    .setAddress(
      CustomerUpdateParams.Address.builder()
        .setLine1("{{LINE1}}")
        .setLine2("{{LINE2}}")
        .setCity("{{CITY}}")
        .setState("{{STATE}}")
        .setPostalCode("{{POSTAL_CODE}}")
        .setCountry("{{COUNTRY}}")
        .build()
    )
    .setTax(
      CustomerUpdateParams.Tax.builder()
        .setValidateLocation(CustomerUpdateParams.Tax.ValidateLocation.IMMEDIATELY)
        .build()
    )
    .build();

// For SDK versions 29.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1()' from the following line.
Customer customer = client.v1().customers().update("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}", params);
```

```node
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
const stripe = require('stripe')('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

const customer = await stripe.customers.update(
  '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  {
    address: {
      line1: '{{LINE1}}',
      line2: '{{LINE2}}',
      city: '{{CITY}}',
      state: '{{STATE}}',
      postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
      country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
    },
    tax: {
      validate_location: 'immediately',
    },
  }
);
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
stripe.Key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

params := &stripe.CustomerParams{
  Address: &stripe.AddressParams{
    Line1: stripe.String("{{LINE1}}"),
    Line2: stripe.String("{{LINE2}}"),
    City: stripe.String("{{CITY}}"),
    State: stripe.String("{{STATE}}"),
    PostalCode: stripe.String("{{POSTAL_CODE}}"),
    Country: stripe.String("{{COUNTRY}}"),
  },
  Tax: &stripe.CustomerTaxParams{ValidateLocation: stripe.String("immediately")},
}
result, err := customer.Update("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}", params)
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
sc := stripe.NewClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")
params := &stripe.CustomerUpdateParams{
  Address: &stripe.AddressParams{
    Line1: stripe.String("{{LINE1}}"),
    Line2: stripe.String("{{LINE2}}"),
    City: stripe.String("{{CITY}}"),
    State: stripe.String("{{STATE}}"),
    PostalCode: stripe.String("{{POSTAL_CODE}}"),
    Country: stripe.String("{{COUNTRY}}"),
  },
  Tax: &stripe.CustomerUpdateTaxParams{ValidateLocation: stripe.String("immediately")},
  Customer: stripe.String("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}"),
}
result, err := sc.V1Customers.Update(context.TODO(), params)
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

var options = new CustomerUpdateOptions
{
    Address = new AddressOptions
    {
        Line1 = "{{LINE1}}",
        Line2 = "{{LINE2}}",
        City = "{{CITY}}",
        State = "{{STATE}}",
        PostalCode = "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
        Country = "{{COUNTRY}}",
    },
    Tax = new CustomerTaxOptions { ValidateLocation = "immediately" },
};
var service = new CustomerService();
Customer customer = service.Update("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}", options);
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
var options = new CustomerUpdateOptions
{
    Address = new AddressOptions
    {
        Line1 = "{{LINE1}}",
        Line2 = "{{LINE2}}",
        City = "{{CITY}}",
        State = "{{STATE}}",
        PostalCode = "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
        Country = "{{COUNTRY}}",
    },
    Tax = new CustomerTaxOptions { ValidateLocation = "immediately" },
};
var client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");
var service = client.V1.Customers;
Customer customer = service.Update("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}", options);
```

> If your customer has other existing subscriptions with automatic tax enabled and you update their address information, the tax and total amounts on their future invoices might be different. This is because tax rates vary depending on customer location.

#### Create customer

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/customers \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d "address[line1]"={{LINE1}} \
  -d "address[line2]"={{LINE2}} \
  -d "address[city]"={{CITY}} \
  -d "address[state]"={{STATE}} \
  -d "address[postal_code]"={{POSTAL_CODE}} \
  -d "address[country]"={{COUNTRY}} \
  -d "tax[validate_location]"=immediately
```

```cli
stripe customers create  \
  -d "address[line1]"={{LINE1}} \
  -d "address[line2]"={{LINE2}} \
  -d "address[city]"={{CITY}} \
  -d "address[state]"={{STATE}} \
  -d "address[postal_code]"={{POSTAL_CODE}} \
  -d "address[country]"={{COUNTRY}} \
  -d "tax[validate_location]"=immediately
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.api_key = '<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>'

customer = Stripe::Customer.create({
  address: {
    line1: '{{LINE1}}',
    line2: '{{LINE2}}',
    city: '{{CITY}}',
    state: '{{STATE}}',
    postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
    country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
  },
  tax: {validate_location: 'immediately'},
})
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = Stripe::StripeClient.new("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

customer = client.v1.customers.create({
  address: {
    line1: '{{LINE1}}',
    line2: '{{LINE2}}',
    city: '{{CITY}}',
    state: '{{STATE}}',
    postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
    country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
  },
  tax: {validate_location: 'immediately'},
})
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
import stripe
stripe.api_key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

customer = stripe.Customer.create(
  address={
    "line1": "{{LINE1}}",
    "line2": "{{LINE2}}",
    "city": "{{CITY}}",
    "state": "{{STATE}}",
    "postal_code": "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
    "country": "{{COUNTRY}}",
  },
  tax={"validate_location": "immediately"},
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

# For SDK versions 12.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1' from the following line.
customer = client.v1.customers.create({
  "address": {
    "line1": "{{LINE1}}",
    "line2": "{{LINE2}}",
    "city": "{{CITY}}",
    "state": "{{STATE}}",
    "postal_code": "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
    "country": "{{COUNTRY}}",
  },
  "tax": {"validate_location": "immediately"},
})
```

```php
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
$stripe = new \Stripe\StripeClient('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

$customer = $stripe->customers->create([
  'address' => [
    'line1' => '{{LINE1}}',
    'line2' => '{{LINE2}}',
    'city' => '{{CITY}}',
    'state' => '{{STATE}}',
    'postal_code' => '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
    'country' => '{{COUNTRY}}',
  ],
  'tax' => ['validate_location' => 'immediately'],
]);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.apiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

CustomerCreateParams params =
  CustomerCreateParams.builder()
    .setAddress(
      CustomerCreateParams.Address.builder()
        .setLine1("{{LINE1}}")
        .setLine2("{{LINE2}}")
        .setCity("{{CITY}}")
        .setState("{{STATE}}")
        .setPostalCode("{{POSTAL_CODE}}")
        .setCountry("{{COUNTRY}}")
        .build()
    )
    .setTax(
      CustomerCreateParams.Tax.builder()
        .setValidateLocation(CustomerCreateParams.Tax.ValidateLocation.IMMEDIATELY)
        .build()
    )
    .build();

Customer customer = Customer.create(params);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeClient client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");

CustomerCreateParams params =
  CustomerCreateParams.builder()
    .setAddress(
      CustomerCreateParams.Address.builder()
        .setLine1("{{LINE1}}")
        .setLine2("{{LINE2}}")
        .setCity("{{CITY}}")
        .setState("{{STATE}}")
        .setPostalCode("{{POSTAL_CODE}}")
        .setCountry("{{COUNTRY}}")
        .build()
    )
    .setTax(
      CustomerCreateParams.Tax.builder()
        .setValidateLocation(CustomerCreateParams.Tax.ValidateLocation.IMMEDIATELY)
        .build()
    )
    .build();

// For SDK versions 29.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1()' from the following line.
Customer customer = client.v1().customers().create(params);
```

```node
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
const stripe = require('stripe')('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

const customer = await stripe.customers.create({
  address: {
    line1: '{{LINE1}}',
    line2: '{{LINE2}}',
    city: '{{CITY}}',
    state: '{{STATE}}',
    postal_code: '{{POSTAL_CODE}}',
    country: '{{COUNTRY}}',
  },
  tax: {
    validate_location: 'immediately',
  },
});
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
stripe.Key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

params := &stripe.CustomerParams{
  Address: &stripe.AddressParams{
    Line1: stripe.String("{{LINE1}}"),
    Line2: stripe.String("{{LINE2}}"),
    City: stripe.String("{{CITY}}"),
    State: stripe.String("{{STATE}}"),
    PostalCode: stripe.String("{{POSTAL_CODE}}"),
    Country: stripe.String("{{COUNTRY}}"),
  },
  Tax: &stripe.CustomerTaxParams{ValidateLocation: stripe.String("immediately")},
}
result, err := customer.New(params)
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
sc := stripe.NewClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")
params := &stripe.CustomerCreateParams{
  Address: &stripe.AddressParams{
    Line1: stripe.String("{{LINE1}}"),
    Line2: stripe.String("{{LINE2}}"),
    City: stripe.String("{{CITY}}"),
    State: stripe.String("{{STATE}}"),
    PostalCode: stripe.String("{{POSTAL_CODE}}"),
    Country: stripe.String("{{COUNTRY}}"),
  },
  Tax: &stripe.CustomerCreateTaxParams{ValidateLocation: stripe.String("immediately")},
}
result, err := sc.V1Customers.Create(context.TODO(), params)
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

var options = new CustomerCreateOptions
{
    Address = new AddressOptions
    {
        Line1 = "{{LINE1}}",
        Line2 = "{{LINE2}}",
        City = "{{CITY}}",
        State = "{{STATE}}",
        PostalCode = "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
        Country = "{{COUNTRY}}",
    },
    Tax = new CustomerTaxOptions { ValidateLocation = "immediately" },
};
var service = new CustomerService();
Customer customer = service.Create(options);
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
var options = new CustomerCreateOptions
{
    Address = new AddressOptions
    {
        Line1 = "{{LINE1}}",
        Line2 = "{{LINE2}}",
        City = "{{CITY}}",
        State = "{{STATE}}",
        PostalCode = "{{POSTAL_CODE}}",
        Country = "{{COUNTRY}}",
    },
    Tax = new CustomerTaxOptions { ValidateLocation = "immediately" },
};
var client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");
var service = client.V1.Customers;
Customer customer = service.Create(options);
```

The [tax.validate_location](https://docs.stripe.com/api/customers/update.md#update_customer-tax-validate_location) enum value helps you make sure that the tax location of the customer becomes (or remains) valid as a result of this operation. If not, Stripe fails your request with the [customer_tax_location_invalid](https://docs.stripe.com/error-codes.md#customer-tax-location-invalid) error code. This is important because you can’t create an automatic tax enabled subscription for a customer with an invalid tax location. If you’ve been checking the [automatic_tax.status](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-automatic_tax-status) of your preview invoices as [advised](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/subscriptions.md#estimate-taxes-total) previously, this additional validation won’t ever fail. However, it’s good practice to set `tax[validate_location]="immediately"` whenever you’re creating or updating a `Customer` object.

## Create subscription [Server-side]

[Create](https://docs.stripe.com/api/subscriptions/create.md) a subscription with automatic tax enabled.

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/subscriptions \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d "automatic_tax[enabled]"=true \
  -d customer="{{CUSTOMER_ID}}" \
  -d "items[0][price]"="{{PRICE_ID}}" \
  -d "payment_settings[save_default_payment_method]"=on_subscription \
  -d "expand[0]"="latest_invoice.confirmation_secret"
```

```cli
stripe subscriptions create  \
  -d "automatic_tax[enabled]"=true \
  --customer="{{CUSTOMER_ID}}" \
  -d "items[0][price]"="{{PRICE_ID}}" \
  -d "payment_settings[save_default_payment_method]"=on_subscription \
  -d "expand[0]"="latest_invoice.confirmation_secret"
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.api_key = '<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>'

subscription = Stripe::Subscription.create({
  automatic_tax: {enabled: true},
  customer: '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  items: [{price: '{{PRICE_ID}}'}],
  payment_settings: {save_default_payment_method: 'on_subscription'},
  expand: ['latest_invoice.confirmation_secret'],
})
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = Stripe::StripeClient.new("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

subscription = client.v1.subscriptions.create({
  automatic_tax: {enabled: true},
  customer: '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  items: [{price: '{{PRICE_ID}}'}],
  payment_settings: {save_default_payment_method: 'on_subscription'},
  expand: ['latest_invoice.confirmation_secret'],
})
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
import stripe
stripe.api_key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

subscription = stripe.Subscription.create(
  automatic_tax={"enabled": True},
  customer="{{CUSTOMER_ID}}",
  items=[{"price": "{{PRICE_ID}}"}],
  payment_settings={"save_default_payment_method": "on_subscription"},
  expand=["latest_invoice.confirmation_secret"],
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

# For SDK versions 12.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1' from the following line.
subscription = client.v1.subscriptions.create({
  "automatic_tax": {"enabled": True},
  "customer": "{{CUSTOMER_ID}}",
  "items": [{"price": "{{PRICE_ID}}"}],
  "payment_settings": {"save_default_payment_method": "on_subscription"},
  "expand": ["latest_invoice.confirmation_secret"],
})
```

```php
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
$stripe = new \Stripe\StripeClient('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

$subscription = $stripe->subscriptions->create([
  'automatic_tax' => ['enabled' => true],
  'customer' => '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  'items' => [['price' => '{{PRICE_ID}}']],
  'payment_settings' => ['save_default_payment_method' => 'on_subscription'],
  'expand' => ['latest_invoice.confirmation_secret'],
]);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.apiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

SubscriptionCreateParams params =
  SubscriptionCreateParams.builder()
    .setAutomaticTax(
      SubscriptionCreateParams.AutomaticTax.builder().setEnabled(true).build()
    )
    .setCustomer("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}")
    .addItem(
      SubscriptionCreateParams.Item.builder().setPrice("{{PRICE_ID}}").build()
    )
    .setPaymentSettings(
      SubscriptionCreateParams.PaymentSettings.builder()
        .setSaveDefaultPaymentMethod(
          SubscriptionCreateParams.PaymentSettings.SaveDefaultPaymentMethod.ON_SUBSCRIPTION
        )
        .build()
    )
    .addExpand("latest_invoice.confirmation_secret")
    .build();

Subscription subscription = Subscription.create(params);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeClient client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");

SubscriptionCreateParams params =
  SubscriptionCreateParams.builder()
    .setAutomaticTax(
      SubscriptionCreateParams.AutomaticTax.builder().setEnabled(true).build()
    )
    .setCustomer("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}")
    .addItem(
      SubscriptionCreateParams.Item.builder().setPrice("{{PRICE_ID}}").build()
    )
    .setPaymentSettings(
      SubscriptionCreateParams.PaymentSettings.builder()
        .setSaveDefaultPaymentMethod(
          SubscriptionCreateParams.PaymentSettings.SaveDefaultPaymentMethod.ON_SUBSCRIPTION
        )
        .build()
    )
    .addExpand("latest_invoice.confirmation_secret")
    .build();

// For SDK versions 29.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1()' from the following line.
Subscription subscription = client.v1().subscriptions().create(params);
```

```node
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
const stripe = require('stripe')('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

const subscription = await stripe.subscriptions.create({
  automatic_tax: {
    enabled: true,
  },
  customer: '{{CUSTOMER_ID}}',
  items: [
    {
      price: '{{PRICE_ID}}',
    },
  ],
  payment_settings: {
    save_default_payment_method: 'on_subscription',
  },
  expand: ['latest_invoice.confirmation_secret'],
});
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
stripe.Key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

params := &stripe.SubscriptionParams{
  AutomaticTax: &stripe.SubscriptionAutomaticTaxParams{Enabled: stripe.Bool(true)},
  Customer: stripe.String("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}"),
  Items: []*stripe.SubscriptionItemsParams{
    &stripe.SubscriptionItemsParams{Price: stripe.String("{{PRICE_ID}}")},
  },
  PaymentSettings: &stripe.SubscriptionPaymentSettingsParams{
    SaveDefaultPaymentMethod: stripe.String(stripe.SubscriptionPaymentSettingsSaveDefaultPaymentMethodOnSubscription),
  },
}
params.AddExpand("latest_invoice.confirmation_secret")
result, err := subscription.New(params)
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
sc := stripe.NewClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")
params := &stripe.SubscriptionCreateParams{
  AutomaticTax: &stripe.SubscriptionCreateAutomaticTaxParams{Enabled: stripe.Bool(true)},
  Customer: stripe.String("{{CUSTOMER_ID}}"),
  Items: []*stripe.SubscriptionCreateItemParams{
    &stripe.SubscriptionCreateItemParams{Price: stripe.String("{{PRICE_ID}}")},
  },
  PaymentSettings: &stripe.SubscriptionCreatePaymentSettingsParams{
    SaveDefaultPaymentMethod: stripe.String(stripe.SubscriptionPaymentSettingsSaveDefaultPaymentMethodOnSubscription),
  },
}
params.AddExpand("latest_invoice.confirmation_secret")
result, err := sc.V1Subscriptions.Create(context.TODO(), params)
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

var options = new SubscriptionCreateOptions
{
    AutomaticTax = new SubscriptionAutomaticTaxOptions { Enabled = true },
    Customer = "{{CUSTOMER_ID}}",
    Items = new List<SubscriptionItemOptions>
    {
        new SubscriptionItemOptions { Price = "{{PRICE_ID}}" },
    },
    PaymentSettings = new SubscriptionPaymentSettingsOptions
    {
        SaveDefaultPaymentMethod = "on_subscription",
    },
    Expand = new List<string> { "latest_invoice.confirmation_secret" },
};
var service = new SubscriptionService();
Subscription subscription = service.Create(options);
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
var options = new SubscriptionCreateOptions
{
    AutomaticTax = new SubscriptionAutomaticTaxOptions { Enabled = true },
    Customer = "{{CUSTOMER_ID}}",
    Items = new List<SubscriptionItemOptions>
    {
        new SubscriptionItemOptions { Price = "{{PRICE_ID}}" },
    },
    PaymentSettings = new SubscriptionPaymentSettingsOptions
    {
        SaveDefaultPaymentMethod = "on_subscription",
    },
    Expand = new List<string> { "latest_invoice.confirmation_secret" },
};
var client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");
var service = client.V1.Subscriptions;
Subscription subscription = service.Create(options);
```

The [latest_invoice.confirmation_secret.client_secret](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-confirmation_secret-client_secrett) is the *client secret* (The client secret is a unique key returned from Stripe as part of a PaymentIntent. This key lets the client access important fields from the PaymentIntent (status, amount, currency) while hiding sensitive ones (metadata, customer)) of the *payment intent* (API object that represents your intent to collect payment from a customer, tracking charge attempts and payment state changes throughout the process) of the first (and the latest) invoice of the new subscription. You need to pass the client secret to your front end to be able to *confirm* (Confirming a PaymentIntent indicates that the customer intends to pay with the current or provided payment method. Upon confirmation, the PaymentIntent attempts to initiate a payment) the payment intent.

> Don’t store, log, or expose the client secret to anyone other than the customer. Make sure that you have TLS enabled on any page that includes the client secret.

If your customer has a default payment method, the first invoice of the subscription is paid automatically. You can confirm this using [latest_invoice.status](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-status) of the subscription. If you want to use the new payment details you collected from your customer in your checkout flow, make sure that the first invoice isn’t paid automatically. Pass `default_incomplete` for the [payment_behavior](https://docs.stripe.com/api/subscriptions/create.md#create_subscription-payment_behavior) when you’re creating your subscription and confirm the payment intent using [stripe.confirmPayment()](https://docs.stripe.com/js/payment_intents/confirm_payment) as shown. See [Billing collection methods](https://docs.stripe.com/billing/collection-method.md) for more information.

## Optional: Update your products and prices

Stripe Tax uses information stored on *products* (Products represent what your business sells—whether that's a good or a service) and *prices* (Prices define how much and how often to charge for products. This includes how much the product costs, what currency to use, and the interval if the price is for subscriptions) to calculate tax, such as *tax code* (A tax code is the category of your product for tax purposes) and *tax behavior* (Tax behavior determines whether you want to include taxes in the price ("inclusive") or add them on top ("exclusive")). If you don’t explicitly specify these configurations, Stripe Tax will use the default tax code selected in [Tax Settings](https://dashboard.stripe.com/settings/tax).

For more information, see [Specify product tax codes and tax behavior](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/products-prices-tax-codes-tax-behavior.md).

## Optional: Handle refunds [Server-side]

When you create a refund for an Invoice payment, Stripe Tax automatically reduces your tax liability.

Alternatively, you can issue [Credit Notes](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/object.md) to track tax liability decreases and provide records to your customers.

#### Refund invoice amount

To refund an amount associated with an invoice total, create a Credit Note and a Refund.

#### Credit Note with automatic Refund

Create a Credit Note and a [Refund](https://docs.stripe.com/api/refunds/object.md) together by calling [create Credit Note](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/create.md) and providing a `refund_amount` value.

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/credit_notes \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}" \
  -d refund_amount=1000
```

```cli
stripe credit_notes create  \
  --invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}" \
  --refund-amount=1000
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.api_key = '<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>'

credit_note = Stripe::CreditNote.create({
  invoice: '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  refund_amount: 1000,
})
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = Stripe::StripeClient.new("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

credit_note = client.v1.credit_notes.create({
  invoice: '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  refund_amount: 1000,
})
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
import stripe
stripe.api_key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

credit_note = stripe.CreditNote.create(
  invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}",
  refund_amount=1000,
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

# For SDK versions 12.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1' from the following line.
credit_note = client.v1.credit_notes.create({
  "invoice": "{{INVOICE_ID}}",
  "refund_amount": 1000,
})
```

```php
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
$stripe = new \Stripe\StripeClient('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

$creditNote = $stripe->creditNotes->create([
  'invoice' => '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  'refund_amount' => 1000,
]);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.apiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

CreditNoteCreateParams params =
  CreditNoteCreateParams.builder()
    .setInvoice("{{INVOICE_ID}}")
    .setRefundAmount(1000L)
    .build();

CreditNote creditNote = CreditNote.create(params);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeClient client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");

CreditNoteCreateParams params =
  CreditNoteCreateParams.builder()
    .setInvoice("{{INVOICE_ID}}")
    .setRefundAmount(1000L)
    .build();

// For SDK versions 29.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1()' from the following line.
CreditNote creditNote = client.v1().creditNotes().create(params);
```

```node
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
const stripe = require('stripe')('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

const creditNote = await stripe.creditNotes.create({
  invoice: '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  refund_amount: 1000,
});
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
stripe.Key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

params := &stripe.CreditNoteParams{
  Invoice: stripe.String("{{INVOICE_ID}}"),
  RefundAmount: stripe.Int64(1000),
}
result, err := creditnote.New(params)
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
sc := stripe.NewClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")
params := &stripe.CreditNoteCreateParams{
  Invoice: stripe.String("{{INVOICE_ID}}"),
  RefundAmount: stripe.Int64(1000),
}
result, err := sc.V1CreditNotes.Create(context.TODO(), params)
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

var options = new CreditNoteCreateOptions
{
    Invoice = "{{INVOICE_ID}}",
    RefundAmount = 1000,
};
var service = new CreditNoteService();
CreditNote creditNote = service.Create(options);
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
var options = new CreditNoteCreateOptions
{
    Invoice = "{{INVOICE_ID}}",
    RefundAmount = 1000,
};
var client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");
var service = client.V1.CreditNotes;
CreditNote creditNote = service.Create(options);
```

#### Credit Note with manual Refund

[Create a Refund](https://docs.stripe.com/api/refunds/create.md), then include its ID when you create a [Credit Note](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/object.md). In this case, don’t include a `refund_amount` value.

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/credit_notes \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}" \
  -d refund="{{REFUND_ID}}" \
  -d amount=1000
```

Stripe Tax automatically distributes the total refund amount between taxes and the net amount.

#### Refund invoice line item amount

If you want to refund an amount associated with an invoice line item, first calculate the [total](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/object.md#credit_note_object-total) and [total_excluding_tax](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/object.md#credit_note_object-total_excluding_tax) amounts by calling [preview Credit Note](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/preview.md).

```curl
curl -G https://api.stripe.com/v1/credit_notes/preview \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}" \
  -d "lines[0][type]"=invoice_line_item \
  -d "lines[0][invoice_line_item]"="{{line item id from invoice}}" \
  -d "lines[0][amount]"=1000
```

```cli
stripe credit_notes preview  \
  --invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}" \
  -d "lines[0][type]"=invoice_line_item \
  -d "lines[0][invoice_line_item]"="{{line item id from invoice}}" \
  -d "lines[0][amount]"=1000
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.api_key = '<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>'

credit_note = Stripe::CreditNote.preview({
  invoice: '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  lines: [
    {
      type: 'invoice_line_item',
      invoice_line_item: '{{line item id from invoice}}',
      amount: 1000,
    },
  ],
})
```

```ruby
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = Stripe::StripeClient.new("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

credit_note = client.v1.credit_notes.preview({
  invoice: '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  lines: [
    {
      type: 'invoice_line_item',
      invoice_line_item: '{{line item id from invoice}}',
      amount: 1000,
    },
  ],
})
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
import stripe
stripe.api_key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

credit_note = stripe.CreditNote.preview(
  invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}",
  lines=[
    {
      "type": "invoice_line_item",
      "invoice_line_item": "{{line item id from invoice}}",
      "amount": 1000,
    },
  ],
)
```

```python
# Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
# See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
client = StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")

# For SDK versions 12.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1' from the following line.
credit_note = client.v1.credit_notes.preview({
  "invoice": "{{INVOICE_ID}}",
  "lines": [
    {
      "type": "invoice_line_item",
      "invoice_line_item": "{{line item id from invoice}}",
      "amount": 1000,
    },
  ],
})
```

```php
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
$stripe = new \Stripe\StripeClient('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

$creditNote = $stripe->creditNotes->preview([
  'invoice' => '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  'lines' => [
    [
      'type' => 'invoice_line_item',
      'invoice_line_item' => '{{line item id from invoice}}',
      'amount' => 1000,
    ],
  ],
]);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
Stripe.apiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

CreditNotePreviewParams params =
  CreditNotePreviewParams.builder()
    .setInvoice("{{INVOICE_ID}}")
    .addLine(
      CreditNotePreviewParams.Line.builder()
        .setType(CreditNotePreviewParams.Line.Type.INVOICE_LINE_ITEM)
        .setInvoiceLineItem("{{line item id from invoice}}")
        .setAmount(1000L)
        .build()
    )
    .build();

CreditNote creditNote = CreditNote.preview(params);
```

```java
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeClient client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");

CreditNotePreviewParams params =
  CreditNotePreviewParams.builder()
    .setInvoice("{{INVOICE_ID}}")
    .addLine(
      CreditNotePreviewParams.Line.builder()
        .setType(CreditNotePreviewParams.Line.Type.INVOICE_LINE_ITEM)
        .setInvoiceLineItem("{{line item id from invoice}}")
        .setAmount(1000L)
        .build()
    )
    .build();

// For SDK versions 29.4.0 or lower, remove '.v1()' from the following line.
CreditNote creditNote = client.v1().creditNotes().preview(params);
```

```node
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
const stripe = require('stripe')('<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>');

const creditNote = await stripe.creditNotes.preview({
  invoice: '{{INVOICE_ID}}',
  lines: [
    {
      type: 'invoice_line_item',
      invoice_line_item: '{{line item id from invoice}}',
      amount: 1000,
    },
  ],
});
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
stripe.Key = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>"

params := &stripe.CreditNotePreviewParams{
  Invoice: stripe.String("{{INVOICE_ID}}"),
  Lines: []*stripe.CreditNotePreviewLineParams{
    &stripe.CreditNotePreviewLineParams{
      Type: stripe.String("invoice_line_item"),
      InvoiceLineItem: stripe.String("{{line item id from invoice}}"),
      Amount: stripe.Int64(1000),
    },
  },
}
result, err := creditnote.Preview(params)
```

```go
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
sc := stripe.NewClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>")
params := &stripe.CreditNotePreviewParams{
  Invoice: stripe.String("{{INVOICE_ID}}"),
  Lines: []*stripe.CreditNotePreviewLineParams{
    &stripe.CreditNotePreviewLineParams{
      Type: stripe.String("invoice_line_item"),
      InvoiceLineItem: stripe.String("{{line item id from invoice}}"),
      Amount: stripe.Int64(1000),
    },
  },
}
result, err := sc.V1CreditNotes.Preview(context.TODO(), params)
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
StripeConfiguration.ApiKey = "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>";

var options = new CreditNotePreviewOptions
{
    Invoice = "{{INVOICE_ID}}",
    Lines = new List<CreditNoteLineOptions>
    {
        new CreditNoteLineOptions
        {
            Type = "invoice_line_item",
            InvoiceLineItem = "{{line item id from invoice}}",
            Amount = 1000,
        },
    },
};
var service = new CreditNoteService();
CreditNote creditNote = service.Preview(options);
```

```dotnet
// Set your secret key. Remember to switch to your live secret key in production.
// See your keys here: https://dashboard.stripe.com/apikeys
var options = new CreditNotePreviewOptions
{
    Invoice = "{{INVOICE_ID}}",
    Lines = new List<CreditNoteLineOptions>
    {
        new CreditNoteLineOptions
        {
            Type = "invoice_line_item",
            InvoiceLineItem = "{{line item id from invoice}}",
            Amount = 1000,
        },
    },
};
var client = new StripeClient("<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>");
var service = client.V1.CreditNotes;
CreditNote creditNote = service.Preview(options);
```

Then, create a [Credit Note](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/object.md) and a [Refund](https://docs.stripe.com/api/refunds/object.md).

#### Credit Note with automatic Refund

Create a Credit Note and a [Refund](https://docs.stripe.com/api/refunds/object.md) together by calling [create Credit Note](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/create.md) and providing a `refund_amount` value.

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/credit_notes \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}" \
  -d refund_amount=1000 \
  -d "lines[0][type]"=invoice_line_item \
  -d "lines[0][invoice_line_item]"="{{line item id from invoice}}" \
  -d "lines[0][amount]"=1000
```

#### Credit Note with manual Refund

[Create a Refund](https://docs.stripe.com/api/refunds/create.md) using the `total` calculated by the Credit Note preview, then include its ID when you create a [Credit Note](https://docs.stripe.com/api/credit_notes/object.md). In this case, don’t include a `refund_amount` value.

```curl
curl https://api.stripe.com/v1/credit_notes \
  -u "<<YOUR_SECRET_KEY>>:" \
  -d invoice="{{INVOICE_ID}}" \
  -d refund="{{REFUND_ID}}" \
  -d "lines[0][type]"=invoice_line_item \
  -d "lines[0][invoice_line_item]"="{{line item id from invoice}}" \
  -d "lines[0][amount]"=1000
```

## Use webhooks 

We recommend listening to subscription events with *webhooks* (A webhook is a real-time push notification sent to your application as a JSON payload through HTTPS requests) because most subscription activity happens asynchronously.

When you start using Stripe Tax, make sure to listen to [invoice.finalization_failed](https://docs.stripe.com/api/events/types.md#event_types-invoice.finalization_failed) events. If the [automatic_tax.status](https://docs.stripe.com/api/invoices/object.md#invoice_object-automatic_tax-status) of the invoice is `requires_location_inputs`, it means that the address details of your customer are invalid or insufficient. In this case, Stripe can’t calculate the taxes, can’t finalize the invoice, and can’t collect the payment. Notify your customer to re-enter their address details or provide an accurate address.

See [Using webhooks with subscriptions](https://docs.stripe.com/billing/subscriptions/webhooks.md) to learn more.

## See also

- [Update existing subscriptions](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/subscriptions/update.md)
- [Use Stripe Tax with Connect](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/connect.md)
- [Calculate tax in your custom checkout flow](https://docs.stripe.com/tax/custom.md)