# Data freshness

Learn how Sigma handles data freshness.

Sigma allows you to analyze the same underlying data that’s accessible through the [Stripe API](https://docs.stripe.com/api.md), but uses a SQL-based interface for custom queries and analysis. For Data Pipeline data freshness, see [Data Pipeline data freshness](https://docs.stripe.com/stripe-data/data-pipeline/data-freshness.md).

Additionally, Sigma provides access to certain data that isn’t available through the Stripe API, such as [reports](https://docs.stripe.com/stripe-reports.md).

## Data freshness 

Sigma makes most of your transaction data available to query within one day.

Sigma makes most of your Stripe transaction data available to query within three hours. All API activity is available to query approximately three hours after it occurs. For example, data from 12:00am UTC is available by 3:00am UTC on the same day. 

### Query data load times 

The interface in the Dashboard displays the date and time of the last payments data. You can use `data_load_time` as a value in your queries to represent when data is most recently processed on your account. For example, if payment tables were last updated on 4/1/2026, the `data_load_time` is interpreted as `2026-03-29 00:00:00 +0000`. At times, Sigma might reflect activity that is more recent than `data_load_time`. For example, a charge authorized just before midnight, but captured soon after, might show as captured.

Making data available requires additional time. You can use `data_load_time` as a value in your queries that represents when data is most recently processed on your account. Use this value to dynamically set a date range in your scheduled queries. 

For example, consider the following scheduled query that returns a list of balance transactions created one month before `data_load_time`.

```sql
select
  id,
  amount,
  fee,
  currency
from balance_transactions -- this table is the canonical record of changes to your Stripe balance
where
  created < data_load_time and
  created >= data_load_time - interval '1' month
order by created desc
limit 10
```

The following timeline illustrates how this works based on data availability:

| Date       | Timeline for results                                                                                                                                                                |
| ---------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 2026-03-29 | - `data_load_time` is interpreted as `2026-03-29`
  - The scheduled query includes transaction data through EOD 2026-03-28
  - Query results are available on 2026-03-29 by 2pm UTC |

Now, consider the following scheduled query that returns a list of charge_ids and interchange billing amounts associated with each fee balance debit created one month before `data_load_time`.

```sql
select
  ic.charge_id,
  ic.billing_currency,
  ic.billing_amount,
  ic.balance_transaction_id,
  ic.balance_transaction_created_at
from icplus_fees as ic
join balance_transactions as bt
  on ic.balance_transaction_id = bt.id
where bt.created >= data_load_time - interval '1' month
  and bt.created < data_load_time
```

If this query is scheduled to recur daily, the following timeline illustrates when you can expect the results:

| Date       | Timeline for results                                                                                                                                                                               |
| ---------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 2026-04-01 | - `data_load_time` is interpreted as `2026-03-29 00:00:00 +0000`
  - The scheduled query includes transaction data through EOD 2026-03-28
  - Query results are available on 2026-04-01 by 2am UTC |

## Dataset freshness 

#### API-backed data

| Dataset      | Table Name                                      | Freshness (hours) |
| ------------ | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| billing      | coupons                                         | 3                 |
| billing      | coupons_currency_options                        | 3                 |
| billing      | coupons_metadata                                | 3                 |
| billing      | credit_note_discount_amounts                    | 3                 |
| billing      | credit_note_line_item_discount_amounts          | 3                 |
| billing      | credit_note_line_item_tax_amounts               | 3                 |
| billing      | credit_note_line_items                          | 3                 |
| billing      | credit_note_tax_amounts                         | 3                 |
| billing      | credit_notes                                    | 3                 |
| billing      | credit_notes_metadata                           | 3                 |
| billing      | discounts                                       | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_custom_fields                           | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_customer_tax_ids                        | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_items                                   | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_items_metadata                          | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_line_item_discount_amounts              | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_line_item_tax_amounts                   | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_line_items                              | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_payments                                | 3                 |
| billing      | invoice_shipping_cost_taxes                     | 3                 |
| billing      | invoices                                        | 3                 |
| billing      | invoices_metadata                               | 3                 |
| billing      | plans                                           | 3                 |
| billing      | plans_metadata                                  | 3                 |
| billing      | price_tiers                                     | 3                 |
| billing      | prices                                          | 3                 |
| billing      | prices_currency_options                         | 3                 |
| billing      | prices_metadata                                 | 3                 |
| billing      | products                                        | 3                 |
| billing      | products_metadata                               | 3                 |
| billing      | promotion_codes                                 | 3                 |
| billing      | quotes                                          | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_items                              | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_items_metadata                     | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_schedule_phase_add_invoice_items   | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_schedule_phase_configuration_items | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_schedule_phases                    | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_schedule_phases_metadata           | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_schedules                          | 3                 |
| billing      | subscription_schedules_metadata                 | 3                 |
| billing      | subscriptions                                   | 3                 |
| billing      | subscriptions_metadata                          | 3                 |
| billing      | tax_rates                                       | 3                 |
| billing      | tax_rates_metadata                              | 3                 |
| billing      | usage_records                                   | 3                 |
| checkout     | checkout_custom_fields                          | 3                 |
| checkout     | checkout_line_items                             | 3                 |
| checkout     | checkout_sessions                               | 3                 |
| checkout     | payment_links                                   | 3                 |
| connect      | accounts                                        | 3                 |
| connect      | accounts_metadata                               | 3                 |
| connect-fees | application_fee_refunds                         | 3                 |
| connect-fees | application_fee_refunds_metadata                | 3                 |
| connect-fees | application_fees                                | 3                 |
| crypto       | crypto_onramp_sessions                          | 3                 |
| customers    | customer_balance_transactions                   | 3                 |
| customers    | customer_balance_transactions_metadata          | 3                 |
| customers    | customer_cash_balance_transactions              | 3                 |
| customers    | customer_tax_ids                                | 3                 |
| customers    | customers                                       | 3                 |
| customers    | customers_metadata                              | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_authorizations                          | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_authorizations_metadata                 | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_cardholders                             | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_cardholders_metadata                    | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_cards                                   | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_cards_metadata                          | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_disputes                                | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_network_tokens                          | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_transactions                            | 3                 |
| issuing      | issuing_transactions_metadata                   | 3                 |
| payments     | balance_transaction_fee_details                 | 3                 |
| payments     | balance_transactions                            | 3                 |
| payments     | charges                                         | 3                 |
| payments     | charges_metadata                                | 3                 |
| payments     | disputes                                        | 3                 |
| payments     | disputes_enhanced_eligibility                   | 3                 |
| payments     | disputes_metadata                               | 3                 |
| payments     | payment_intents                                 | 3                 |
| payments     | payment_intents_metadata                        | 3                 |
| payments     | payment_method_details                          | 3                 |
| payments     | payment_methods                                 | 3                 |
| payments     | payment_methods_metadata                        | 3                 |
| payments     | payment_reviews                                 | 3                 |
| payments     | refunds                                         | 3                 |
| payments     | refunds_metadata                                | 3                 |
| payments     | rule_decisions                                  | 3                 |
| payments     | setup_attempts                                  | 3                 |
| payments     | setup_intents                                   | 3                 |
| payments     | setup_intents_metadata                          | 3                 |
| payments     | sources                                         | 3                 |
| payments     | sources_metadata                                | 3                 |

#### Derived data

| Dataset       | Table Name                                        | Freshness (hours) |
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------- |
| analytics     | aggregate_optimization_details                    | 24                |
| analytics     | analytics_acceptance_itemized                     | 24                |
| analytics     | authentication_report_attempts                    | 72                |
| analytics     | charge_optimization_details                       | 72                |
| billing       | recoveries                                        | 48                |
| billing       | subscription_item_change_events                   | 24                |
| billing       | subscription_item_change_events_v2_beta (Preview) | 3                 |
| billing       | subscription_item_change_events_testmode          | 48                |
| capital       | financing_balances                                | 24                |
| capital       | financing_offers                                  | 24                |
| capital       | financing_transactions                            | 24                |
| cost          | network_cost_insights_report                      | 120               |
| radar         | card_testing                                      | 120               |
| radar         | radar_data_integration                            | 48                |
| radar         | radar_rule_attributes                             | 48                |
| radar         | radar_rules                                       | 24                |
| tax           | tax_transaction_jurisdiction_details              | 24                |
| tax           | tax_transaction_line_items                        | 24                |
| tax           | tax_transaction_line_items_metadata               | 24                |
| tax           | tax_transaction_shipping_costs                    | 24                |
| tax           | tax_transactions                                  | 24                |
| tax           | tax_transactions_metadata                         | 24                |
| tax-reporting | tax_forms                                         | 24                |
| terminal      | terminal_hardware_order_items                     | 24                |
| terminal      | terminal_hardware_order_metadata                  | 24                |
| terminal      | terminal_hardware_order_shipment_tracking         | 24                |
| terminal      | terminal_hardware_order_tax_amounts               | 24                |
| terminal      | terminal_hardware_orders                          | 24                |
| terminal      | terminal_locations                                | 120               |
| terminal      | terminal_readers                                  | 120               |
| transfers     | transfer_reversals                                | 24                |
| transfers     | transfer_reversals_metadata                       | 24                |
| transfers     | transfers                                         | 24                |
| transfers     | transfers_metadata                                | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_financial_accounts                       | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_financial_accounts_metadata              | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_inbound_transfers                        | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_inbound_transfers_metadata               | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_outbound_payments                        | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_outbound_payments_metadata               | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_outbound_transfers                       | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_outbound_transfers_metadata              | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_transaction_entries                      | 24                |
| treasury      | treasury_transactions                             | 24                |
| other         | acceptance_reporting_v3_itemized                  | 68                |
| other         | activity_report_itemized                          | 80                |
| other         | cau_fees                                          | 72                |
| other         | charge_groups                                     | 72                |
| other         | connected_account_activity_report_itemized        | 80                |
| other         | connected_account_itemized_fees                   | 120               |
| other         | connected_account_itemized_fees_beta              | 120               |
| other         | connected_account_summarized_balance_transactions | 12                |
| other         | exchange_rates_from_usd                           | 24                |
| other         | icplus_fees                                       | 72                |
| other         | itemized_fees                                     | 120               |
| other         | itemized_fees_beta                                | 120               |
| other         | revenue_recognition_debits_and_credits            | 3                 |
| other         | summarized_balance_transactions                   | 12                |

## Data schema 

You can view the complete [schema](https://docs.stripe.com/stripe-data/schema.md), which closely follows our API conventions, in a split-view format that shows details on table relationships. It displays all the available data that you can use in your queries, organized by category. Each category contains a set of tables that represents the available data. Many tables correspond to specific API objects, with each column representing a reported attribute. For example, the `charges` table represents information about [Charge](https://docs.stripe.com/api.md#charge_object) objects, which appears in the **Payments** section of the Dashboard.

You can select a table to expand it and reveal its available columns, along with a description of the type of data it contains (for example, `Boolean`, `Varchar`, and `Foreign key`). Hover the cursor over any column to reveal a description. Use the search field at the top of the schema to find specific tables and columns. When writing queries, refer to our [API reference](https://docs.stripe.com/api.md) for additional context and values.