# Provisional credits

Learn about provisional credits for EU and UK fraud disputes.

> #### Availability
> 
> The provisional credit behavior described in this guide applies only to eligible UK and EU Issuing users in unauthorized or fraud dispute flows.

Provisional Credits (See full diagram at https://docs.stripe.com/issuing/purchases/disputes/provisional-credits)

```text
[Unsubmitted] -- 110 days --> [Expired]
[Unsubmitted] -- Submit --> [Submitted (the dispute is sent to the card network)]
[The business receives the dispute] -- ≤ 30 days --> [The business accepts liabilityor doesn’t respond]
[The business receives the dispute] -- ≤ 30 days --> [The business refutes with counter-evidence]
[The business refutes with counter-evidence] -- ≤ 30 days --> [Stripe refutes the business’s evidence]
[The business accepts liabilityor doesn’t respond] --> [Won]
[The card network makes a final ruling] --> [Won]
[Stripe refutes the business’s evidence] -- ≤ 30 days --> [The business declines, moves toarbitration with card network]
[Stripe refutes the business’s evidence] -- ≤ 30 days --> [The business accepts liabilityor doesn’t respond]
[The business declines, moves toarbitration with card network] -- ≤ 30 days --> [The card network makes a final ruling]
[Submitted (the dispute is sent to the card network)] -- ≤ 1 biz day --> [Stripe gives provisional credit to account holder]
[Submitted (the dispute is sent to the card network)] -- Unsubmittable --> [Stripe conducts “reasonable investigation”]
[Stripe conducts “reasonable investigation”] -- ≤ 1 biz day --> [Fraud occurred?]
[Fraud occurred?] -- Yes --> [Stripe reimburses account holder]
[Won] --> [Stripe claws back provisional credit from account holder]
[Evidence in favor ofacquiring business] --> [Lost]
[Lost] --> [Stripe claws back provisional credit from account holder]
[Fraud occurred?] -- No --> [Lost]
[Stripe refutes the business’s evidence] --> [Evidence in favor ofacquiring business]
[The card network makes a final ruling] --> [Lost]
[Stripe gives provisional credit to account holder] --> [The business receives the dispute]
```

European and UK payment services regulations require Stripe to reimburse all *unauthorized* transactions by the end of the next business day after the account holder notifies Stripe of the issue with the transaction.

To comply with UK and EU regulations, we automatically issue a provisional credit for the full disputed amount to UK or EU cardholders by the next business day. We don’t issue this credit if we have reasonable grounds to suspect fraud by the Stripe account user.

For platforms, we apply this credit to your connected account. For Direct users, we apply it to your account. The credit goes to the account holder’s Issuing balance and can be spent immediately, even while the dispute is ongoing.

After resolving the dispute, we clawback the provisional credit from the account that received it. If you win the dispute, we issue a new credit to your account for the amount recovered.

If clawing back the provisional credit results in a negative balance, the balance owner will need to top up their balance. If the balance owner is a connected account, we’ll rely on [Connect Reserves](https://docs.stripe.com/connect/account-balances.md#understanding-connected-reserve-balances).

If we can’t submit the dispute to the card network, we’re still required to determine whether the transaction was unauthorized. We must reimburse the user by the end of the next business day if we determine it was unauthorized.

## Find provisional credit information 

You can use the Stripe API and other reporting interfaces to query for provisional credits:

To track credits and clawbacks in real-time, integrate with these webhooks, respectively: `issuing_dispute.funds_reinstated` and `issuing_dispute.funds_rescinded`. If you’re a Direct user, follow our generic guide on [webhooks](https://docs.stripe.com/webhooks.md). If you’re a platform user, see [Connect webhooks](https://docs.stripe.com/connect/webhooks.md).

To query historical credits and clawbacks, use the [BalanceTransaction API](https://docs.stripe.com/api/balance_transactions.md). Find credits with a `type` of `issuing_dispute_provisional_credit` and clawbacks with a `type` of `issuing_dispute_provisional_credit_reversal`.

For no-code reporting, use the [Balance report](https://docs.stripe.com/reports/balance.md). You can find credits by filtering for the `reporting_category` of `issuing_dispute_provisional_credit`, and clawbacks by filtering for the `reporting_category` of `issuing_dispute_provisional_credit_reversal`.